A Tale of Two Tigers
نویسنده
چکیده
As Africa’s leading Tiger Economy, the tiny country of Mauritius lying 600 miles off the coast of Madagascar has much to teach developing countries about human development. Since the 1970’s, consecutive Mauritian governments have overseen the management of successful universal health and education systems, which in recent years have propelled the country into the elite group of “High Human Development” countries, as assessed by the United Nations Development Program. In contrast, a significant proportion of the population in Thailand (up until 1997) suffered from poor access to health and educations services. While not a basket case by any means, corruption and inefficiency characterized the distribution of social welfare resources in these two sectors. In a similar way that Thailand remained on the outskirts of ‘Tiger’ classification in terms of its economic growth, its performance in providing social opportunities to its citizens has like-wise fallen short. Two leading theoretical traditions fail to explain this discrepancy. First, Institutional Theory predicts that the provision of goods in these two countries should be similar. Both countries employ a multi-member-district (MMD), First-Pastthe-Post (FPTP) electoral system, which existing theory posits to encourage a narrow distribution of resources. This is true in Thailand, but not Mauritius. Second, Sociological Theory predicts that the more ethnically diverse country (Mauritius) should do poorer at providing collective goods such as universal health and education. I resolve these theoretical inconsistencies under the lens of a Socio-Institutional Theory that offers different predictions for Institutional Theory in the context of different underlying social structure. I show that, given Mauritius’ social structure, the MMD-FPTP electoral system actually encourages policies that benefit the nation broadly.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009